Similar to liquid notes8/26/2023 ![]() Opinions expressed are solely those of the reviewer and have not been reviewed or approved by any advertiser. We do not include the universe of companies or financial offers that may be available to you.Īll reviews are prepared by our staff. But this compensation does not influence the information we publish, or the reviews that you see on this site. This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site, including, for example, the order in which they may appear within the listing categories, except where prohibited by law for our mortgage, home equity and other home lending products. The offers that appear on this site are from companies that compensate us. Any estimates based on past performance do not a guarantee future performance, and prior to making any investment you should discuss your specific investment needs or seek advice from a qualified professional. Our articles, interactive tools, and hypothetical examples contain information to help you conduct research but are not intended to serve as investment advice, and we cannot guarantee that this information is applicable or accurate to your personal circumstances. Our goal is to help you make smarter financial decisions by providing you with interactive tools and financial calculators, publishing original and objective content, by enabling you to conduct research and compare information for free - so that you can make financial decisions with confidence. "As a next step, we aim to investigate the molecular interaction and structure of the transient bubble shell and whether this effect can also be created in a range of other liquids whose molecular interactions are different from glycerol.We are an independent, advertising-supported comparison service. "Our experiment invites us to rethink the correlations and the differences between liquids and solids," says principal investigator Sascha Epp. An innovative scientific approach and the right choice of parameters led to the discovery of this novel elastic behavior. The research was carried out by members of the Institute's Scientific Support Unit Ultrafast Beams and guest scientist Zhipeng Huang from the University of Duisburg-Essen. This poses some challenges for similar experiments involving water, because it begins to boil below the vapor pressure of 32 mbar-well above the pressure at which the experiments need to take place. However, the glycerol bubbles only formed in a vacuum environment, as shown by the MPSD team. The existence of such a rubber-like state in liquid glycerol raises the question: Are similar effects possible in other liquid substances? In particular the creation of elastic bubbles in water would be a major achievement because it is the most important and well-studied liquid with implications for multiple scientific fields. "We want to reach a better understanding of this unusual state," says lead author and doctoral student Meghanad Kayanattil, "because it could tell us a lot about collective excitations in disordered systems." This change would stabilize the elastic state over a longer time than would be possible in glycerol's equilibrium state, where the single molecules are subject to fast diffusion. The team proposes that the high straining rate and the confined thickness of the shell causes the individual molecules to form groups that are displaced in a correlated and collective manner. ![]() Yet, the question remains unsettled whether this behavior is a specific property of liquid glycerol, or rather a phenomenon that occurs in many molecular liquids under similar conditions but has not been observed so far. Surprisingly, the elasticity persists over such long timescales of several microseconds that it could be important for very rapid engineering applications such as micrometer-confined flows under high pressure. Its existence is difficult to reconcile with common ideas about the interactions in liquid glycerol and motivates the search for more comprehensive descriptions. It is the first time an elasticity dominating the flow behavior in a Newtonian liquid like glycerol has been observed. However, the thin, micrometers-thick liquid envelope of the bubble did not behave like a viscous liquid dissipating deformation energy as expected, but like the elastic envelope of a rubber toy balloon, which can store and release elastic energy. In their article published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers report how they created rapidly expanding bubbles on the surface of the liquid in vacuum using a pulsed laser. ![]()
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